[+/-] : Chemforecast Plastic additives supply shifts

Supply of plastic additives for the next 12-18 months looks secure and pricing spikes are beginning to ease. But buyers may have to look to new regions for continued supply.

Fred Gastrock of Townsend Polymers Services and Information in Houston forecasts global sales to hit 27 billion lbs in 2009, but the regions of supply are changing.

“Additive plants are moving toward the markets,” according to Gastrock, who points out that developing countries first build polymer plants, then resin plants and finally additive plants. However, currently there is still a strong international trade in polymer additives.

Regions and countries where additives production is growing rapidly include China with a growth rate for additives production of 8-10% by volume annually. In much of the rest of Asia and in the Middle East the annual growth rate is in the “high single digits” according to Gastrock. Production in India, Russia and Turkey is growing rapidly from a small annual production base of 10 million tons, 5 million tons, and 3.3 million tons respectively.

Philadelphia-based Rohm and Haas provides an example of the globalization occurring in the additives industry. The firm is working with Turkish firm Polisan on several projects, including a partnership for the manufacture of emulsions for the paint market. Late last year, Rohm and Haas signed a letter of intent and announced that it is in the final planning discussions with Polisan to construct a plastics additives plant in Gebze, Turkey. The plant will produce acrylic impact modifier and processing aids. Planned capacity is 40,000 metric tons annually.

Meanwhile, in China, Rohm and Haas and China’s Weihai Jinhong Polymer signed an agreement last January to form a new joint venture. Jinhong Rohm and Haas Chemicals Company Ltd. (JinHaas), intends to manufacture a complete range of quality plastics additives products and provide technical support to the building and construction and PVC packaging segments of the Chinese market according to Rohm and Hass’ Joan Hoffmeier Gorrell, business manager for building and construction, and Bill Magee, business manger for packaging, durables and transportation. The joint venture is currently awaiting Chinese government approval.

While the U.S. is not building new plants, there are few shutdowns of existing plants. For example, Rohm and Haas intends to meet slowly growing domestic market needs though its existing U.S. plants. In Europe, there have been some recent plant shutdowns. For instance, Chemtura is shutting down some antioxidant plants according to Gastrock.

Rohm and Haas, Chemtura and Ciba produce a broad range of additive types. Other sizable producers are Arkema, Rohm and Haas, Albemarle and Baerlacher. Major plasticizer producers include ExxonMobil, BASF and Eastman Chemicals according to Gastrock. He notes that large independent compounders include PolyOne, A. Schulman, Clariant and RTP.

Demand for U.S. additives is growing 3-4% by volume annually. European sales growth is slightly less, at 2-3%. Japanese sales growth is less than Europe’s. Asia sales are growing rapidly as new polymer plants come online.

Plasticizers constitute 55% of the total additives market. The various market components and their relative size (see chart).

Gastrock forecasts overall U.S. additive sales will grow 3-4% annually through 2009. The additive types increasing faster than this average are growing from a smaller base. These include light stabilizers and nucleating agents (clarifying agents). Polypropylene additive use is growing slightly faster than the average. Additives used in wood–plastic composites are also growing more rapidly than average but from a small base.

The big feedstock price surge in 2004 through early 2006 that pushed additive prices up 20-50% has slowed considerably. Margins have improved and additives producers have been able to manage most of the raw materials price increases.

Hoffmeier Gorrell and Magee “expect raw material pressures to continue to be driven by supply and demand dynamics in the feedstock industries.” Raw material prices remain extremely volatile,” they note. For example, since the fourth quarter of 2006, the cost of tin has doubled. In the first six months of 2007, Rohm and Haas announced increases on its Advastab tin-based heat stabilizers totaling 17%. An additional 10% increase went into effect on June 15.


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[+/-] : Plastic additives supply shifts as prices ease

Supply of plastic additives for the next 12–18 months looks secure and pricing spikes are beginning to ease. But buyers may have to look to new regions for continued supply.

Fred Gastrock of Townsend Polymers Services and Information in Houston forecasts global sales to hit 27 billion lbs in 2009, but the regions of supply are changing. "Additive plants are moving toward the markets," according to Gastrock, who points out that developing countries first build polymer plants, then resin plants and finally additive plants. However, currently there is still a strong international trade in polymer additives.

Regions and countries where additives production is growing rapidly include China with a growth rate for additives production of 8–10% by volume annually. In much of the rest of Asia and in the Middle East the annual growth rate is in the "high single digits" according to Gastrock. Production in India, Russia and Turkey is growing rapidly from a small annual production base of 10 million tons, 5 million tons, and 3.3 million tons respectively.

Philadelphia-based Rohm and Haas provides an example of the globalization occurring in the additives industry. The firm is working with Turkish firm Polisan on several projects, including a partnership for the manufacture of emulsions for the paint market. Late last year, Rohm and Haas signed a letter of intent and announced that it is in the final planning discussions with Polisan to construct a plastics additives plant in Gebze, Turkey. The plant will produce acrylic impact modifier and processing aids. Planned capacity is 40,000 metric tons annually.

Meanwhile, in China, Rohm and Haas and China's Weihai Jinhong Polymer signed an agreement last January to form a new joint venture. Jinhong Rohm and Haas Chemicals Co. (JinHaas), intends to manufacture a complete range of quality plastics additives products and provide technical support to the building and construction and PVC packaging segments of the Chinese market according to Rohm and Haas.

While the U.S. is not building new plants, there are few shutdowns of existing plants. Rohm and Haas intends to meet slowly growing domestic market needs though its existing U.S. plants. In Europe, there have been some recent plant shutdowns. Chemtura is shutting down some antioxidant plants.

Demand for U.S. additives is growing 3–4% by volume annually. European sales growth is slightly less, at 2–3%. Japanese sales growth is less than Europe's. Asia sales are growing rapidly as new polymer plants come online. Plasticizers constitute 55% of the total additives market. The various market components and their relative size.

Rohm and Haas, Chemtura and Ciba produce a broad range of plastic additives. Other major producers include Arkema, Rohm and Haas, Albemarle and Baerlacher. Major plasticizer producers include ExxonMobil, BASF and Eastman Chemicals. Large independent compounders include PolyOne, A. Schulman, Clariant and RTP.

Gastrock forecasts overall U.S. additive sales will grow 3–4% annually through 2009. The additive types increasing faster than this average are growing from a smaller base. These include light stabilizers and nucleating agents (clarifying agents). Polypropylene additive use is growing slightly faster than the average. Additives used in wood—plastic composites are also growing more rapidly than average but from a small base.

The big feedstock price surge that took hold in 2004 through early 2006 and pushed additive prices up 20–50% has slowed considerably. Margins have improved and additives producers have been able to manage most of the raw materials price increases.



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[+/-] : Metals bolster Russia's profits, power

Wearing fireproof coveralls, Ilya Dmitriyev plods past a smelter that belches smoke and gushes molten metal, the chief product of this gritty patch of Arctic tundra where the air tastes of sulphur and concrete apartment blocks crumble on the shifting permafrost.

This is the home of Norilsk Nickel, a former slave labour camp – once part of the dictator Josef Stalin's infamous Gulag – that is now the grey capital of Russia's glittering new metals empire.

Since President Vladimir Putin came to power in 2000, oil and natural gas have fuelled Russia's economic rebirth, creating a generation of young Russian billionaires. Now metal is Russia's latest natural resource bonanza.

The rise of the industry has delighted investors but has caused disquiet among foreign security analysts. Some fear Moscow might use its vast mineral wealth as a tool for coercive diplomacy, the way many believe the Kremlin has used oil and gas supplies to punish western-leaning former Soviet nations.

As the output of Chinese and Indian factories surged last year, the price of nickel leapt 64 percent to an average of $24,155 per ton on the London Metal Exchange, more than doubling Norilsk Nickel's profits. While the price has retreated from a high of over $50,000 per ton in May, it currently trades at around $29,000 a ton.

Workers like Dmitriyev have benefited. Wages here rose 40 percent in April, and Norilsk's smelter workers now earn about $1,500 monthly – triple the national average.

But the big winners at Norilsk are the company's two 40-something shareholders, the cautious Vladimir Potanin and the flamboyant bachelor Mikhail Prokhorov.

In the last year, their personal fortunes more than doubled, to more than $13.5 billion each, according to Forbes magazine. Russia's top five metals magnates – including Potanin and Prokhorov – saw their combined value jump 70 percent last year, to $66 billion, Forbes said.

Through Norilsk, these two men control half of the world's output of palladium, which is used in catalytic convertors, and one fifth of its nickel – a key ingredient in stainless steel.

Prices have risen sharply for most metals Russia produces, not just nickel. Copper is up 30 percent this year. Average aluminium prices rose 36 percent last year; the metal is currently trading 8 percent above the 2006 average. Iron ore prices have doubled in the last three years. Meanwhile, Russia's low electricity rates and wages have made mining companies more profitable than their competitors abroad.

Russia's mineral wealth has few rivals. A local legend says as God scattered riches around the world, his hands froze when he came to Norilsk and dropped everything that he was carrying.

Record profits have driven a wave of acquisitions. Of the $9.5 billion spent on acquisitions by Russian companies last year, metals companies accounted for 84 percent, Russian Mergers & Acquisitions magazine reports. This year, that figure could double.

In June, Norilsk acquired control of a Canadian mining operation, LionOre, in a $6.4 billion deal – the largest-ever Russian purchase overseas. The deal adds nickel mines and processing plants in Australia, South Africa and Botswana to the company's portfolio.

Norilsk also controls Stillwater Mining Co. of Montana, the only U.S. platinum and palladium miner. This year it paid $408 million for the Cleveland-based OM Group Inc.'s nickel assets in Australia and Finland.

Created to strengthen Stalin's USSR, Norilsk Nickel – like so many Soviet mammoths – was sold for a song by President Boris Yeltsin to politically connected bankers in the 1990s.

But analysts praise Potanin and Prokhorov for streamlining a sprawling, debt-laden colossus into a modern multinational. The company controls mines and refineries in eight countries and employs tens of thousands of workers across the globe.

But it is just one of Russia's metals titans.

More than 12 percent of global aluminium output comes from the privately owned UC Russian Aluminum, the world's biggest producers of the vital metal. Russia's state-owned mines and stockpiles account for 20 percent of the world's uranium, more than any single country. A mining company controlled by the state arms exporter, Rosoboronexport, is the world's biggest producer of titanium.

Without titanium from Russia's VSMPO-Avisma, Boeing Co.'s 787 Dreamliner and Airbus's A350 XWB couldn't fly, analysts say. The metal is also critical to Lockheed Martin Corp.'s F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, an advanced fighter bomber being jointly developed by Britain and the U.S.

In the West, there is quiet concern Russia will use its clout in the metals market to help consolidate its geopolitical power.

"Due to Russia's actions on the nonferrous metals markets, there have been claims of manipulation or dubious behaviour," Robert Larsson of the Swedish Defense Research Agency wrote in a report. "As the sector by and large is shielded from insight and data are secret or unreliable, it is hard to assess, but it is clear that Russia's impact on the markets is substantial."

Metals are too easily moved around for Russia to cut off supplies to a single country, as it can with piped gas. But any interruptions at mines like Norilsk's would have a huge impact on markets.

"A Russian decision, or threat, to cut off supplies of minerals would certainly drive the world price up – probably significantly," said Liam Anderson, co-author of the book "Strategic Minerals and Global Geo-Economics."

Disruptions in nickel or aluminium supplies, he said, "would have a trickle-down effect throughout the global economy."

For now, Norilsk Nickel is ostensibly free to act independently. Outside Russia its shares trade in the U.S., Britain and Germany. Some of them are held by investment funds, about 22 percent is held by the Bank of New York as ADRs. But the company may be less independent of the Kremlin than it seems, and even this nominal autonomy may not last.

The company has long been rumoured to be a Kremlin takeover target.

Prokhorov, a 6-foot-7 playboy, has pledged to sell his stake by the end of the year to Potanin, his long-time business partner. That would give Potanin, a more politic figure, 52 percent of the company, and he has said it wouldn't be "a tragedy" if the government bought up Norilsk.

Tycoons who cross the Kremlin find their businesses scrutinized, or even the target of criminal investigations. More than a dozen are wanted in Russia and are currently living abroad.

A Kremlin spokesman declined to comment on the possibility.

Prokhorov's withdrawal was announced shortly after French police detained him at a posh Alpine ski resort in France on suspicion of involvement in a prostitution ring. In the end no charges were filed, but the incident became tabloid fodder in Russia and abroad. He left his post as general director in April.

The company said Prokhorov had long planned to sell his stake. But industry watchers suspect the Kremlin used the case to force Prokhorov out.

"Norilsk clearly stands out as one of Russia's strategically important companies, where the state doesn't have a significant equity stake," said Chris Weafer, chief strategist with Moscow's Alfa Bank.

That could change, he said: "Rather than sitting in the Kremlin saying 'this what we would like you to do,' it's much better to sit on the board and say 'this is what we're going to do.'"




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[+/-] : Govt can run titanium project: Nedumaran

Demanding a committee headed by a retired High Court judge to go into the stand taken by both the DMK government and the previous AIADMK regime on the Tatas' proposed titanium dioxide plant, Tamils Nationalist Movement leader P Nedumaran sought to know why the government itself could not take up the project.

In a release here, he said all documents relating to the projects should be perused by the committee.

Raising a volley of questions about the project, he said the government should also come out with all truths about the project before conducting public hearing.

He said a DMK Minister at the Centre had spoken in favour of the project and the party's MLAs had participated in a rally conducted by the minister in support of the project.

"It is unfair and clear cheating that the government had now formed a committee of higher officials and ministers to know about the public opinion on the project," he said.

Though the MoU for the project was signed in 2002 when the AIADMK was in power, it was not implemented till 2006, he said and sought to know the reason behind the delay.

Seeking to know the reason for expediting the project now, he also asked why the government was not running the project when the profit was projected at Rs 1,000 crore a year.

There was also an opinion that 500 acres of land was enough for the project, he said and asked why the government was keen to acquire 16,000 acres.

Besides, he also wanted to know why Tatas had been allowed to draw 1.20 lakh gallons of Tamirabarani river water a day. He wondered why the government, instead of acquiring land using the Mining Act, was buying lands from the farmers.




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[+/-] : On titanium dioxide, 'the whitest of white' pigments

In the latest controversy surrounding land acquisition for corporate projects, the titanium dioxide plant proposed to be set up the Tata Group in Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu has run into rough weather, with the local population expressing opposition and several political parties threatening agitations. The project is being opposed on environmental grounds and fear of loss of livelihood.

But what exactly is ilmenite and what are the industrial uses of titanium, which is extracted from it, and its dioxide?

Speaking to Business Line on the extraction and applications of titanium metal and titanium dioxide, Dr C.H. Krishnamurthi Rao, Chairman of Titanium Equipment and Anode Mfg Co Ltd (TEAM), a Chennai-based company, said that titanium dioxide, as the "whitest of white" pigments, finds extensive use in quality paints, paper and plastics.

"It is also used as an opacifying agent in cosmetics and printing inks, radioactive decontamination of the skin, glassware, ceramics and floor coverings. Besides, it finds application in delustering of synthetic fibres and lustrous finishing of cottons."

According to him, titanium dioxide is also used in high-temperature transducers in electronics and in the coating of welding rods.

On titanium metal, he said that as a non-corrosive metal having the "great advantage" of strength-to-weight ratio and high temperature heat resistance, it is the preferred structural material in aircraft, jet engines, missiles and satellites.

"It finds special applications in desalination, chlorine production and textile equipment."

Dr Rao's company, TEAM, has undertaken manufacture of titanium electrodes for use in caustic soda and other electrolytic industries.

"The availability of titanium electrodes was also responsible for the development and propagation of membrane cell technology in India, thus completely eliminating mercury pollution from the caustic soda industries."

TEAM had also involved itself in life science operations by manufacturing titanium hip and shoulder orthopaedic replacements and inserts.

According to Dr Rao, titanium metal is preferred because of its compatibility with biological fluids.

Desalination plants are another area offering immense potential, he added.

Stating that ilmenite, the titanic iron ore, is available in beach sand in areas like Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu, Dr Rao said that after mining and beneficiation, it takes three streams of commercial products – upgraded ilmenite or synthetic rutile, chemical titanium dioxide and titanium metal.

"DCW Ltd manufactures upgraded ilmenite or synthetic rutile, which has 95 per cent of titanium dioxide content. It is only a raw material used in the manufacture of the dioxide. DCW produces around 42,000 tonnes of upgraded synthetic rutile."

Informing that titanium dioxide is manufactured by the chlorination of the ilmenite, he said that Kerala Minerals and Metals manufactures the dioxide through the rutile process, "wherein ilmenite ore is upgraded to make synthetic rutile, which is further upgraded to titanium tetrachloride. This is used in making titanium dioxide of rutile grade. Kerala Minerals and Metals produces around 36,000 tonnes of titanium dioxide." There are, however, environmental issues, especially relating to effluents.

For extraction of titanium metal, ilmenite is subjected to the process of reduction, using sodium or magnesium.

"The titanium sponge thus obtained is consolidated by melting, which requires highly sophisticated technology."

Dr Rao added that the Tatas have only said that they would be making titanium dioxide "but not specified what process they will be using – rutile or sulphate. For the rutile process, hydrochloric acid is used to leach ilmenite ore, while in sulphuric acid is used in the other. The rutile grade dioxide is superior in quality and price."

He also said that ilmenite ore containing minor quantities of monazite was earlier classified under the category of radioactive materials.

"The exploration, processing, export and import of these ores were under the vigilant control of the Mines and Minerals Act and the Atomic Energy Commission."

So far, the manufacture of titanium dioxide was the monopoly of public sector undertakings.

"Kerala Minerals and Metals remains the only indigenous source for titanium dioxide, and MIDHANI, Hyderabad, for titanium-rolled products out of imported titanium metal sponge (similar to ingots)."

Dr Rao attributed the flurry of investment in products based on ilmenite ore to the constant demand and bright prospects for both the chemical and metallic versions of titanium. – The Hindu




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[+/-] : Global antimony market to reach 169,000 mt by 2010

Antimony trioxide is a major compound used in flame retardant formulations in plastic, textile, paint, and rubber industries. Worldwide antimony market is characterized by slow growth and a significant decline in prices in the past few years. Decline in demand forced several producers to cut down production and diversify their business. Price control measures taken by China, the largest producer of antimony, are likely to show a considerable impact on the market.

China is the leading antimony producer accounting for over 85% of global antimony and antimony trioxide market mine production, as stated by Global Industry Analysts, Inc. Other major producers include South Africa, Bolivia, Russia, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan. Antimony trioxide is a major compound used in flame retardant formulations in plastic, textile, paint and rubber industries. Tajikistan is projected to be the fastest growing region with a CAGR of about 4.5% over the ten-year analysis period. Global antimony demand is primarily derived from the flame retardant sector that consumes 60-65% of the global antimony and 90% of global antimony trioxide produce. Plastics sector in Asia also forms a key consumer of antimony. As much as 80% of the Japanese output of antimony trioxide is consumed by the flame retardant sector. Antimony trioxide demand is forecast to surpass antimony metal demand.

Key players dominating the global antimony and antimony trioxide market include Gredmann Group, Hsikwangshan Twinkling Star, Metorex, Nanning Antimony Product Factory, SICA, United States Antimony Corporation, and Guangdong JIEFU



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[+/-] : Fire retardant plasticized polyvinyl chloride compositions containing triphosphate plasticizer, aluminum hydroxide and antimony trioxide filler

Soft or plasticized polyvinyl chloride compositions with good chemical, mechanical and electrical properties characterized by their fire-retardant and flame-resistant properties comprising polyvinyl chloride with a content of a triphosphate plasticizer, aluminum hydroxide and antimony trioxide compounds. The compositions are particularly suitable for use in electrical conductors as sheathings and/or insulation.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Soft or plasticized polyvinyl chloride compositions are used for many purposes in industry. However, the plasticization of the PVC results in a clear deterioration of the flame resistance of the polyvinyl chloride. For this reason it has been tried repeatedly to make polyvinyl chloride compositions more fire resistant, particularly less inflammable, by either adding flame-retarding plasticizers or by the incorporation of additional flame-retarding substances (see, for example, Published German applications Nos. DOS 19 26 412, 19 31 697; and 24 59 957). Such plasticizers and additives, however, caused in the past, a deterioration of the mechanical, chemical and/or electrical properties of these plasticized polyvinyl chloride compositions, and the flame resistance was not always satisfactory.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is the development of a soft or plasticized polyvinyl chloride with good chemical, mechanical and electrical properties together with good fire-retardant and flame-resistant properties.

Another object of the present invention is the production of a plasticized polyvinyl chloride composition with flame-resistant properties consisting essentially of

(a) for every 100 parts by weight of a vinyl chloride polymer selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, copolymers of vinyl chloride with up to 10% of monomers copolymerizable with vinyl chloride, and mixtures thereof,

(b) from 1 to 7 parts by weight of conventional stabilizers against decomposition,

(c) from 20 to 100 parts by weight of a plasticizer mixture of from 50% to 100% by weight of the mixture of at least one phosphoric acid triester having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a member selected from the group consisting of alkyl having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, chloroalkyl having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, phenyl, C.sub.1-4 -alkylphenyl and di-C.sub.1-4 -alkylphenyl, and from 0 to 50% by weight of the mixture of chlorinated paraffins containing from 30% to 60% chlorine content, based on the total possible chlorine substitution,

(d) from 15 to 100 parts by weight of aluminum hydroxide filler,

(e) from 2 to 10 parts by weight of a flameretarding substance selected from the group consisting of antimony trioxide and complexes of antimony trioxide and silica,

(f) from 0 to 10 parts by weight of conventional flame inhibitors selected from the group consisting of zinc boron salts and tri-polybromoalkyl phosphates with 2 to 5 carbon atoms in the alkyl, each with 2 to 4 bromine atoms, and mixtures thereof where the total amount of flame inhibitors and retarding substances does not exceed 15 parts by weight, and

(g) from 0 to 10 parts by weight of auxiliary substances selected from the group consisting of lubricants, pigments, light protecting agents, processing aids, conventional fillers and conventional plasticizers.

These and other objects of the invention will become more apparent as the description thereof proceeds.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The subject of the present invention are soft or plasticized polyvinyl chloride compositions containing

(a) 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride

(b) 1 to 7 parts by weight of stabilizer

(c) 20 to 100 parts by weight of plasticizer

(d) 15 to 100 parts by weight of filler, characterized in that they contain, as a plasticizer one or more phosphoric esters with, optionally, chlorine substituted alkyl radicals with 2 to 10 carbon atoms and/or, optionally, substituted phenyl radicals, as a filler aluminum hydroxide, and as a flame-retarding substance antimony trioxide or complex antimony compound in amounts of 2 to 10 parts by weight.

Broadly, therefore, the present invention relates to a plasticized polyvinyl chloride composition comprising

(a) 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride,

(b) 1 to 7 parts by weight of conventional stabilizers against decomposition,

(c) 20 to 100 parts by weight of a plasticizer phosphoric acid ester with an alcohol moiety selected from the group consisting of alkyl having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, chlorine substituted alkyl having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, phenyl and lower alkyl substituted phenyl,

(d) 15 to 100 parts by weight of aluminum hydroxide filler, and

(e) 2 to 10 parts by weight of a flame-retarding substance selected from the group consisting of antimony trioxide and complex antimony compounds.

More particularly, the invention relates to a plasticized polyvinyl chloride composition with flame-resistant properties consisting essentially of

(a) for every 100 parts by weight of a vinyl chloride polymer selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, copolymers of vinyl chloride with up to 10% of monomers copolymerizable with vinyl chloride, and mixtures thereof,

(b) from 1 to 7 parts by weight of conventional stabilizers against decomposition,

(c) from 20 to 100 parts by weight of a plasticizer mixture of from 50% to 100% by weight of the mixture of at least one phosphoric acid triester having the formula ##STR2## wherein R is a member selected from the group consisting of alkyl having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, chloroalkyl having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, phenyl, C.sub.1-4 -alkylphenyl and di-C.sub.1-4 -alkylphenyl, and from 0 to 50% by weight of the mixture of chlorinated paraffins containing from 30% to 60% chlorine content, based on the total possible chlorine substitution,

(d) from 15 to 100 parts by weight of aluminum hydroxide filler,

(e) from 2 to 10 parts by weight of a flame-retarding substance selected from the group consisting of antimony trioxide and complexes of antimony trioxide and silica,

(f) from 0 to 10 parts by weight of conventional flame inhibitors selected from the group consisting of zinc boron salts and tri-polybromoalkyl phosphates with 2 to 5 carbon atoms in the alkyl, each with 2 to 4 bromine atoms, and mixtures thereof, where the total amount of the flame inhibitors and retarding substances does not exceed 15 parts by weight, and

(g) from 0 to 10 parts by weight of auxiliary substances selected from the group consisting of lubricants, pigments, light protecting agents, processing aids, conventional fillers and conventional plasticizers.

The soft or plasticized PVC compositions according to the invention are suitable for all applications where, in addition to the known mechanical properties of plasticized PVC, non-combustibility or difficult flammability are important, such as, in construction, automotive engineering and in electrical installations. As examples of such applications are: as a material for packings and profiles, but particularly as sheathings and/or insulation of electric conductors, such as cables.

By the use of the composition according to the invention, the low flammability of hard PVC can be achieved without the expected loss of the mechanical, chemical and electrical properties (see German Patent DAS No. 23 11 550), compared to the conventionally plasticized and therefore highly inflammable PVC, which would make their use in the above-mentioned fields impossible.

The measure of the inflammability and combustibility of a material frequently used is the oxygen index according to Fenimore and Marin (LOI=low oxygen index, according to ASTM D-2863-70). The LOI indicates at which minimum volume percentage of oxygen in a nitrogen-oxygen mixture, combustion of the specimen can still be maintained.

Another important criterion for the combustion behavior is the flue gas density (according to ASTM D-2843-70). The flue gas density indicates the percentage of the extinction of a light ray through a layer of combustion gases.

A prerequisite for the admissible use of contruction materials is frequently its assignment to a certain combustion class of the German Industrial Specifications DIN 4102. In addition to class A for mineral construction materials, e.g. silicate materials, there are the classes B1 for difficultly flammable, B2 for flammable, and B3 for highly flammable construction materials.

The soft PVC compositions according to the invention far exceed the requirements for combustion class B1, that is, they extinguish within a short period of time when the initial flame is removed and their combustion gases have low temperatures; furthermore, they exceed by far the LOI-limiting value of 27 for self-extinguishing materials, and the flue gas density is likewise considerably reduced.

Hard PVC generally has an oxygen index (LOI) of about 45 to 48, but even this index can be attained by the composition according to the invention. In general, the LOI value of the compositions of the invention is not below 30.

The polyvinyl chloride employed can be any PVC which could be used heretofore for plasticized polyvinyl chloride compositions, in particular, a PVC produced by mass, emulsion, suspension or solution polymerization, particularly with K-values of 60 to 80.

The terms polyvinyl chloride and PVC are understood here also to cover a polyvinyl chloride which contains other polymerizable monomers or which can be diluted or mixed with other polymers. Such other polymers, which can be contained in polyvinyl chloride used according to the invention as starting hard PVC in amounts of up to about 10% by weight, can be homopolymers or copolymers from the same monomer(s) copolymerized with vinyl chloride, which can be polymerized with vinyl chloride in amounts of up to 10% by weight in the PVC to be plasticized. The vinyl chloride polymer preferably can be polyvinyl chloride or copolymers of vinyl chloride with up to 10% of mono-olefinically unsaturated monomers copolymerizable with vinyl chloride. Examples of such mono-olefinically-unsaturated monomers copolymerizable with vinyl chloride are: olefins, particularly alkenes having 2 to 5 carbon atoms such as ethylene; vinyl esters of saturated carboxylic acids, particularly vinyl alkanoates having 1 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkanoate, such as vinyl acetate and vinyl butyrate; vinyl halides such as vinyl bromide and vinylidene chloride; and esters of mono-olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acids, particularly alkyl alkenoates having 1 to 7 carbon atoms in the alkyl and 3 to 5 carbon atoms in the alkenoate, such as ethyl acrylate or methyl methacrylate.

The amounts of the components contained in the soft or plasticized PVC compositions according to the invention relate in each instance to 100 parts by weight of the PVC component (a).

The stabilizers employed in the soft PVC compositions according to the invention are the usual stabilizers against decomposition, particularly by heat, individually or in mixture in amounts of 1 to 7 parts by weight, preferably 2 to 6 parts by weight. Examples of such suitable heat stabilizers are: calcium, barium, zinc and cadmium compounds, particularly with higher fatty acids like stearic acid, and 2-ethylhexanoic acid, and organotin compounds, particularly dialkyltin salts of lower alkanoic acids like dibutyl tin diacetate. For use of the compositions, according to the invention for insulations and sheathings of electrical conductors, lead compounds are preferred as heat stabilizers, individually or in mixture, such as lead sulfates, e.g. di- or tribasic lead sulfates, lead phosphate, lead stearate and lead phthalate. Mixtures of lead compounds and the stearates are preferred.

Suitable plasticizers according to the invention contain one or more phosphoric acid esters, preferably tertiary phosphoric acid esters with, optionally, chlorine-substituted alkyl radicals with 2 to 10 carbon atoms and/or with, optionally, substituted phenyl radicals in amounts of 20 to 100 parts by weight, preferably 30 to 80 parts by weight. Substituted phenyl radicals are particularly alkyl substituted.

The preferred phosphoric acid esters are phosphoric acid triesters having the formula ##STR3## wherein R is a member selected from the group consisting of alkyl having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, chloroalkyl having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, phenyl, C.sub.1-4 -alkylphenyl and di-C.sub.1-4 -alkylphenyl. The following triesters can be mentioned: tricresyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, cresyldiphenyl phosphate, dicresyl-phenyl phosphate, xylenyldiphenyl phosphate, dixylenyl-phenyl phosphate, tris-(chloroethyl) phosphate, diphenyl-octyl phosphate, phenyldioctyl phosphate, and trioctyl phosphate. If the compositions of the invention contain mixtures of these plasticizers, these mixtures can consist of different, but preferably equal amounts of the individual components.

In a preferred embodiment, the amount of phosphate plasticizer is partly substituted up to 50% of the plasticizer by chlorinated paraffin with a chlorine content of 30% to 60%, preferably about 50%, related to the number of chlorine atoms in the corresponding perchlorinated paraffin. Preferably the portion of the chlorinated paraffin is 20% to 50% by weight of the total plasticizer content.

As fillers, the compositions according to the invention contain aluminum hydroxide, preferably in amounts of 50 to 90 parts by weight. Included in the term aluminum hydroxide, which preferably has particle sizes of up to 2 micrometer, is a substance which is frequently also called aluminum oxide hydrate, aluminum oxyhydrate, alumina hydrate or aluminum hydrate, and which is frequently represented by the following formula: Al(OH).sub.3 or Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. H.sub.2 O. The aluminum hydroxide can contain so-called neutral, but also so-called basic or acid aluminum hydroxide, that is, it can optionally contain aluminates or aluminum salts in amounts up to about 25% by weight. Preferably, however, it is free of such compounds.

Furthermore, the soft PVC compositions according to the invention contain at least one so-called flame inhibitor or flame retarder in a total amount of 2 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 3 to 8 parts by weight. Such flame inhibitors are antimony trioxide and/or complex antimony compounds, preferably antimony trioxide silica complexes. Examples for the latter are "Oncor.RTM. 75RA" and "Oncor.RTM. 75RAZ" by National Lead Inc. New York, USA, two antimony trioxide/silica complexes.

Preferred embodiments can contain, in addition to the antimony compound(s) individually or in mixture additional flame inhibitors, like zinc borate and tri-(bromoalkyl) phosphate with C.sub.2-5 -alkyl radicals, each with 2 to 4 bromine atoms as substituents, preferably tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate.

These flame inhibitors can be contained in amounts of 2 to 10 parts by weight, provided the total amount of all flame inhibitors, that is, of antimony compound(s), optionally, zinc borate and, optionally, trialkyl brominated phosphates, does not exceed 15 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the PVC component.

In addition, additional substances, as they are usually added to plasticized PVC compositions, can be added to the compositions according to the invention, in amounts of up to 2 parts by weight each, but preferably not more than a total of 10 parts by weight, for example, lubricants, pigments, light protecting agents, processing aids.

Furthermore, up to 10% by weight of the filler and/or of the plasticizer can be replaced by other conventional fillers of plasticizers without any substantial deterioration of the properties.

The soft PVC compositions according to the invention can be produced, like the presently known compositions, that is, by mixing or kneading in suitable apparatus.

The following examples are illustrative of the practice of the invention without being limitative in any respect.

EXAMPLES 1 to 5 and COMPARISON TEST

The following Table shows for various plasticized PVC compositions of the invention the composition (in parts by weight), the oxygen index (LOI value in % by vol.), the flue gas density (% extinction), the shore A hardness, the residual length after combustion (in %) and the flue gas temperature (in .degree.C.). The last two values are determined, similar to DIN 4102, in small combustion chambers with samples of 200.times.40.times.4 mm.sup.3. The conditions of combustion class B1 are a residual length of the sample after selfextinction of at least 15% of the original length, and a combustion gas temperature below 200.degree. C.

TABLE
______________________________________
Examples
Compari-
1 2 3 4 5 son Test
______________________________________
Suspension PVC,
K-value 70 100 100 100 100 100 100
Stabilizer compound.sup.(1)
4 4 4 4 4 4
Diphenyl-cresyl
phosphate 30 30 20 20 20 --
Diphenyl-octyl
30 30 20 20 20 --
phosphate
Aluminum hydroxide
70 70 70 70 70 --
Antimony trioxide
7 3.5 3.5 -- 3.5 --
Oncor.sup.(R) 75 RA
-- -- -- 3.5 -- --
Chlorinated
paraffin 50% -- -- 20 20 20 --
Zinc borate -- 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 --
Tris-(2,3-dibromo-
propyl) phosphate
-- -- -- -- 4.5 --
Di-2-ethylhexyl
phthalate -- -- -- -- -- 60
Calcium carbonate
(chalk) -- -- -- -- -- 70
LOI - value (Vol. %)
37.6 42.4 43 44 47 23
Flue gas density
(% extinction)
99 93 87 86 85 100
Shore - A-hardness
87 87 88 87 87 85
Residual length (%)
22.7 27.1 32.4 29 34.9 0
Flue gas temperature
(.degree.C.) 191 169 156 165 154 >700
Combustion class
B 1 B 1 B 1 B 1 B 1 --
______________________________________
Footnote to table:
.sup.(1) The stabilizer compound is composed of 80% by weight tribasic
lead sulfate and 20% by weight of a mixture of equal parts by weight of
lead stearate, calcium stearate and paraffin wax.



The preceding specific embodiments are illustrative of the practice of the invention. It is to be understood, however, that other expedients known to those skilled in the art or disclosed herein, may be employed without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims.
Pls let us know if you are interesting in it. with any question, ask me freely.Tks you.
Sam Xu
Contact me:
MSN: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com
GMAIL: samjiefu@gmail.com
SKPYE:jiefu1996


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[+/-] : Flame-retarded ABS formulations with high impact strength

This invention is in the field of thermoplastic synthetic resin formulations, especially ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) resins flame retarded with at least one brominated organic flame retardant, as well as a method for producing the formulations.

BACKGROUND

ABS resins are well known in the synthetic organic polymer art as a class of thermoplastics which offers excellent mechanical properties as well as good processability and chemical resistance. The general characteristics of ABS resins are described, for example, in "Modern Plastics Encyclopedia," McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y., 1990, pp 90-91. ABS resins are co- or terpolymers which generally comprise a rigid styrene/acrylonitrile continuous phase in combination with a polybutadiene elastomer disperse phase. A graft copolymer in which small amounts of styrene and acrylonitrile are grafted onto butadiene chains may also be present to bridge the rigid phase and the elastomer phase and make them more compatible.

For purposes of the instant invention, an ABS resin is a thermoplastic, the chemical structure of which includes each of the following structural units, however combined: ##STR1## Further, a formulated ABS resin, for all purposes herein, comprises at least about 50 wt % ABS resin. The remainder of the formulated ABS resin comprises various monomeric or polymeric additives which modify the properties of the ABS resin. These additives include, for example, various impact modifiers, stabilizers, processing aids, pigments, flame retardants, synergists, etc. They can be incorporated into the ABS resin in various ways.

Incorporation of the various additives is not a trivial matter, and the properties of the formulated ABS resin can be affected by the manner in which it is done. When the additives are solids, dry-blending can be employed. For example, the solids can be mixed and heated to soften and homogenize the mass, which can then be sheeted, chopped, and pelletized.

A flame retardant, such as a halogenated organic compound, is often incorporated into a formulated ABS resin so as to constitute as much as about 25-30 wt % of the formulation. Such incorporation can adversely affect the properties, other than the flammability, of the formulated ABS resin.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Consequently, it is one object of this invention to provide a formulated ABS resin in which a halogenated organic flame retardant is incorporated and an impact modifying polymer is added so as to provide a significant net increase in the impact strength of the formulation. It is another objective to build on this improvement by providing a method for incorporating the flame retardant which leads to a still further increase in the impact strength.

In attaining the aforesaid objectives, this invention provides a flame retarded ABS formulation which comprises at least about 50 wt % ABS resin, about 5-30 wt % halogenated flame retardant, about 0-6 wt % flame retardant synergist, and about 8-38 wt % polymeric impact modifier. In preferred embodiments, the polymeric impact modifier is selected, and the flame retardant is incorporated in such a way that the Izod impact strength is dramatically increased.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The ABS resin component of the formulated ABS can be selected from the many resins available in commerce. Such resins include GE Cycolac.RTM. resins, Monsanto Lustran.RTM. resins, and Dow Magnum.RTM. resins, for example. The ABS resin component of the formulated ABS resin of this invention comprises at least about 50 wt % of the formulation, and the ABS resin can comprise as much as about 70 wt % of the formulation.

One of the additives which will be present in the formulated ABS resin of this invention is one or more flame retardants, and halogenated flame retardants have been recommended and employed in that application. Halogenated flame retardants especially useful in the practice of this invention are selected from the group consisting of tetrahalobisphenol A, N,N'-bis(tetrahalophthalimide), ethylenebis(tetrahalophthalimide), halogenated polystyrene, and pentahalobenzyl acrylate, in all of which halo is selected from chloro and bromo, and also bis-halophenyl compounds represented by the following structural formula which are solids at ambient temperature: ##STR2## in which formula each X is selected independently from chlorine and bromine; m and n can be the same or different and can range from 1 to 5; Y is selected from oxygen, alkylene, --NR--(where R is selected from hydrogen and hydrocarbyl), alkylenedioxy, aryldioxy, and a chemical bond. Alkylene is preferably lower alkylene, i.e., straight chain or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.6, such as methylene, ethylene, isopropylene, butylene, t-butylene, and the like, methylene or ethylene being preferred. Hydrocarbyl includes alkylene, especially lower alkylene, but also unsaturated alkylene and aromatic groups such as phenyl and alkylphenyl or halophenyl. Alkylenedioxy includes methylenedioxy, 1,2-dioxyethylene, and the like, while aryldioxy includes dioxyphenyl, for example. In the preferred flame retardants halo and X are bromo. Among the aforesaid flame retardants, the bishalophenyl compounds are preferred, and among these compounds, decabromodiphenyl oxide, decabromodiphenyl ethane, 1,2-bis(tribromophenoxy)ethane, and decabromodiphenyl amine are especially attractive.

In addition to one or more halogenated flame retardants, the formulated ABS resin of this invention optionally includes a flame retardant synergist in an amount ranging from about 2 to about 6 wt %. A number of materials, such as metal oxides, e.g., iron oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum trioxide, alumina, antimony tri- and pentoxide, and boron compounds, e.g., zinc borate; also antimony silicates and ferrocene, are known to enhance the effectiveness of flame retardants, especially halogenated flame retardants. A particularly effective and preferred synergist is antimony trioxide.

In addition to flame retardant, the formulated ABS resin of this invention includes one or more polymeric impact modifiers. It is well known that the addition of certain materials to an ABS resin tends to toughen articles molded therefrom. Among these materials are styrene/butadiene/styrene triblock copolymer, styrene/isoprene/styrene triblock copolymer, styrene/butadiene diblock copolymer, polycaprolactone, functionalized ethylene/propylene copolymers, and poly(haloolefins). A preferred impact modifying material is a halogenated polyolefin resin, such as chlorinated polyethylene. A typical formulated ABS resin containing chlorinated polyethylene and a brominated flame retardant, in addition to the ABS resin, is described in Example 1.

EXAMPLE 1

A. The components indicated in column A, Table 1 were dry-blended by shaking them together for 2 min in a plastic bag. The mixture was then extruded on a Haake-Buchler System 40 Rheometer equipped with a twin-screw extruder head. The extrusion was carried out at 210.degree.-210.degree.-220.degree.-220.degree. C. and 60 rpm. The extruded material was pelletized and dried at 88.degree. C. for 4 hr before injection molding it on a Battenfeld BSKM 100/40 machine at 195.degree. C.

B. The components indicated in column B, Table 1 were combined as follows: The flame retardant, chlorinated polyethylene, processing aid, and one-half the stabilizer were blended in a Brabender mixer at 175.degree. C. and 66 rpm for 2 min. The resultant blend was sheeted on a two-roll mill and chopped into small pieces on a Glouster grinder, affording a masterbatch. An amount of the masterblend appropriate to the desired composition was dry-blended with the remaining ingredients. The combination was then extruded, pelletized, dried, and molded as described in A above. The IZOD impact strength of the extruded materials was measured on 1/8 in. test bars according to the ASTM D256 test method.

TABLE 1
______________________________________
Component A (wt %) B (wt %)
______________________________________
ABS Resin (Dow 69.9 68.9
Magnum .RTM. PG-914)
Impact Modifier; 13.1 13.1.sup.a
Polychloroethylene
(Tyrin .RTM. 3611 of Dow
Chemical Co.)
Flame Retardant; 12.5 12.5.sup.a
Decabromodiphenyl Ethane
(Ethyl Corp.)
Synergist; Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3
4.0 4.0
Processing Aid; 0.5.sup.a
Zinc Stearate
Stabilizer; Dibutyltin
0.5 1.0.sup.a
Maleate (Thermolite .RTM.
13 of Atochem No. Am.)
IZOD Impact Strength
3.6 .+-. 0.1
3.6 .+-. 0.1
(ft-lb/in notch)
______________________________________
.sup.a component of masterbatch



The data in Example 1 show that master batching per se has little or no effect on impact strength of the resultant formulated ABS resin. The effect on IZOD impact strength of including a second impact modifying resin; more specifically, a styrene/butadiene/styrene block copolymer is set forth in Example 2.

EXAMPLE 2

A. The components indicated in column A, Table 2 were combined as explained in Example 1 A.

B. The components indicated in column B. Table 2 were combined as explained in Example 1 B.

TABLE 2
______________________________________
Component A (wt %) B (wt %)
______________________________________
ABS Resin (Dow 64.9 63.9
Magnum .RTM. PG-914)
Impact Modifier; 13.1 13.1.sup.a
Polychloroethylene
(Tyrin .RTM. 3611 of Dow
Chemical Co.)
Impact Modifier; 5.0 5.0.sup.a
Styr/But/Styr Block
Copolymer (Shell
Kraton .RTM. D1102)
Flame Retardant; 12.5 12.5.sup.a
Decabromodiphenyl Ethane
(Ethyl Corp.)
Synergist; Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3
4.0 4.0
Processing Aid; 0.5.sup.a
Zinc Stearate
Stabilizer; Dibutyltin
0.5 1.0.sup.a
Maleate (Thermolite .RTM.
13 of Atochem No. Am.)
IZOD Impact Strength
4.8 .+-. 0.2
9.0 .+-. 0.4
(ft-lb/in notch)
______________________________________
.sup.a component of masterbatch



The data in Example 2 illustrate the improvement in IZOD impact strength of the formulated ABS resin brought about by replacing some of the ABS resin with a styrene/butadiene/styrene block copolymer; i.e., an increase in the IZOD impact strength from 3.6.+-.0.1 in Ex. 1 A to 4.8.+-.0.2 ft-lb/in notch. Moreover, the data illustrate the surprising increase in IZOD impact strength which occurs when the styrene/butadiene/styrene block copolymer is part of the masterbatched ingredients; i.e., from 4.8.+-.0.2 to 9.0.+-.0.4 ft-lb/in notch.

In Example 3, the effects of removing the impact modifying resins, one at a time, from the masterbatch is illustrated.

EXAMPLE 3

In both A and B the components were combined as explained in Example 1 B.

TABLE 3
______________________________________
Component A (wt %) B (wt %)
______________________________________
ABS Resin (Dow 63.9 63.9
Magnum .RTM. PG-914)
Impact Modifier; 13.1.sup.a
13.1
Polychloroethylene
(Tyrin .RTM. 3611 of Dow
Chemical Co.)
Impact Modifier; 5.0 5.0.sup.a
Styr/But/Styr Block
Copolymer (Shell
Kraton .RTM. D1102)
Flame Retardant; 12.5.sup.a
12.5.sup.a
Decabromodiphenyl Ethane
(Ethyl Corp.)
Synergist; Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3
4.0 4.0
Processing Aid; 0.5.sup.a 0.5.sup.a
Zinc Stearate
Stabilizer; Dibutyltin
1.0.sup.a 1.0.sup.a
Maleate (Thermolite .RTM.
13 of Atochem No. Am.)
IZOD lmpact Strength
5.8 .+-. 0.2
7.6 .+-. 0.3
(ft-lb/in notch)
______________________________________
.sup.a component of masterbatch



When the components were combined without master batching, i.e., Example 2 A, the IZOD impact strength was 4.8.+-.0.2 ft-lb/in notch. Although excluding either impact modifier resin from the masterbatch affects IZOD impact strength adversely, this affect is most pronounced when the styrene/butadiene/styrene block copolymer is left out of the masterbatch.

It will be evident to those skilled in the art that considerable variation in the specific nature and relative amounts of the components of the formulated ABS resin of this invention, as well as in the manner in which those components are combined is possible within the contemplation of this invention and that the invention is limited only by reference to the following claims:


Pls let us know if you are interesting in it. with any question, ask me freely.Tks you.
Sam Xu
Sales Engineer
DONGGUAN JIEFU FLAME-RETARDED MATERIALS CO.,LTD
Contact me:
MSN: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com
GMAIL: samjiefu@gmail.com
SKPYE:jiefu1996


Chinese antimony market



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[+/-] : Starex flame retardant ABS

Overview
Even though plastics have made our lives more comfortable, the widespread adoption of plastics accompanies various problems relating to flammability. To comply with the public's demands for flame retardant polymers. Cheil has devoted itself to the development of Starex flame retardant ABS. Even if ABS with its high impact strength, chemical resistance and good appearance can be used in electric and electronic components (interior and exterior parts), its use in electric and electronic components requires a high degree of heat resistance as well as balanced impact resistance and fluidity. Flame retardant grades of Starex ABS, with its outstanding heat resistance, offers an optimized balance of properties while minimizing the deterioration of its original properties, which can be achieved by adding various flame retardants. Also, with many Starex flame retardant ABS resins to choose from, you can select one that matches your design needs.

Classifications
Starex flame retardant ABS can be classified into two groups; The VH and VE-series. This is made possible through the Cheil's advanced technology.

VH-Series
VH-seriesis the grade network with improved processability and balanced mechanical properties. Their properties are as follows. VH-0800 : having excellent processability and injection moldability, VH-0800 is the most popular 1/16" V-O rated grade for computer monitors. VH-0806 : 1/10" V-O rated VH-0806 grade has an improved impact strength and heat resistance comparable to VH-0800. VH-0810 : with improved heat resistance and flow characteristics,1/10" V-O rated VH-0810 grade reduces production cost. VH-0850: as 1/10" 5V, 1/16" V-O rated grade VH-0850 has a higher impact strength. VH-0853 : having a greatly improved weather resistance,excellent heat stability, and flammability rating of 1/10" 5V and 1/16" V-O, this grade is recommended to use for products with lighter colors. VT-0820 : with a V-2 rating, this grade has a good balance of mechanical properties.

VE-Series
As a substitute for engineering plastics, the most essential properties needed for a flame retardant ABS are weather resistance and heat resistance. With these characteristics, the product's marketability and quality will be enhanced. With this in mind, the VE-series adopts different additive system for stability through a advanced technological process, so that it would work better. If used with other resin grades, thermal stability deterioration can be easily observed. As an intermediate resin between flame retardant ABS and engineering plastics, the VE-series provides excellent processability and cost effectiveness in comparison to flame retardant engineering plastic. It also displays superior weather and heat resistance properties in comparison to flame retardant ABS. VE-0812 : 1/10" V-O grade with high weather resistance and heat resistance. VE-0855 : 1/10" 5V, 1/12" V-O rated grade with super weather resistance and high heat resistance. VE-0856: 1/10" 5V, 1/12" V-O grade with high weather resistance and heat resistance.

Properties
As explained in the previous section, flame retardant ABS may have some disadvantages compared with general ABS except for the flame retardance. However, a careful grade selection through the understanding of those features will guarantee the user's maximum satisfaction.

1) Thermal stability Since the self-extinguishing properties of flame retardant ABS may result from the thermal decomposition of flame retardants during burning, flame retardant ABS can have poor thermal stability in comparison with general ABS. In particular, since flame retardants can possibly decompose when molded at temperature of 230oC or above, molding at lower temperatures than required with general ABS is recommened. Cheil Industries Inc. has developed the technology to produce Starex flame retardant ABS with excellent thermal stability and flame retardancy. Starex flame retardant ABS, especially VH-0853 and VH-0800, is useful for geometrically complex molds.

2) Weather resistance Since ABS contains butadiene to enhance impact strength, it can be discolored if exposed to sunlight for a longtime. And this prevents its usefulness with such O.A. applicances as computer monitors, printers, and photocopying machine. As one of the leading companies in the production of ABS resin. Cheil has made the effort to solve these problems, and it has successfully produced a flame retardant ABS series with excellent weather resistance. Among the series, VH-0853, VE-0812,VE-0855 or VE- 0856 can be the best choice for applications demanding weather resistance.

3) Blooming and plating-out During injection molding, flame retardants can diffuse out to the surface and cause mold contamination. Since this phenomenon becomes worse with darker colors, it is recommended not to use flame retardant ABS grade resins with dark color shades. However, blooming is not observed while using all Starex flame retardant ABS grade exceptVH-0853. Starex flame retardant ABS grades with their excellent qualities allow for flexible product designs.

4) Heat resistance Heat resistance implies that the product is not prone to deformation while being exposed to a wide temperature range.The excellent heat resistance of Starex flame retardant ABS makes it possible to increase the reliability of injection molded products. However care must be taken to select the proper grade of Starex flame retardant ABS for final use. For cost reduction and improved injection productivity,the VE-series can be the best choice as an engineering plastics substitute,while the VH-series is suitable when processability is more important design factor than heat resistance.

5) Flammability Generally, flammability can be rated according to UL-94 VB standards. Cheil produces various flame retardant ABS's with varying flammability levels to meet the requirements of specific applications. Cheil's Starex flame retardant ABS has obtained UL-94 flammability ratings of V-2, V-1, V-0 and 5V.

6) Flame retardants PBDE is one of the most popular compounds used as an additive to promote the flame retardance of plastics. There was a trend to restrict PBDE's use as a flame retardant compound because of the possibility that PBDE could induce toxic dioxin or difuran derivatives at an elevated temperature condition. Even though it has been speculated that PBDE is not so dangerous, most electric and electronic companies still avoid using PBDE as a flame retardant. Starex flame retardant ABS resins do not contain such controvertial flame retardant compounds. Therefore, Starex flame retardant ABS can be used for exterior applications.



Sam Xu
Sales Engineer

DONGGUAN JIEFU FLAME-RETARDED MATERIALS CO.,LTD
Address: jiefu industrial park shuiping industrail district dalang town dongguan GD,P.R.C
Zip: 528770
Tel: 0086-755-83474911
FAX: 0086-755-83474980
Mobile:13929211059
Contact me: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com samjiefu@gmail.com

Jiefu Chemical industry LTD . (Our imports and exports company )

Chinese antimony market



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[+/-] : Jihong Rohm venture to make additives in China

Rohm and Haas Co. and Weihai Jinhong Polymer Co. Ltd. have formed a joint venture to make plastics additives in China.

U.S.-based Rohm and Haas will own 51 percent of the Jinhong Rohm and Haas Chemicals Co. Ltd. venture, which will use Jinhong’s plant in Weihai, with Rohm and Haas kicking in cash to improve manufacturing operations, the companies said in a December 14 announcement.

The plant will make additives for the building and construction and PVC packaging markets in China, and allow Rohm and Haas to be more responsive to local market requirements, said Joan Schuller, Asia-Pacific region general manager for plastics additives.

The joint venture is expected to be operational in the first quarter of 2007, pending Chinese government approval.

Philadelphia-based Rohm and Haas said it wants to double its plastics additive sales in China by 2010, and claims that the venture will make it the first multinational plastics additive maker to have a “significant” manufacturing footprint in China.

The plant will make methacrylate butadiene styrene, acrylic impact modifiers and acrylic processing aids.

Weihai Jinhong specializes in PVC additives, and has capacity for 15,000 metric tons a year of chlorinated polyethylene and 20,000 metric tons of AIM, MBS and other acrylic aids.




Sam Xu
Sales Engineer

DONGGUAN JIEFU FLAME-RETARDED MATERIALS CO.,LTD
Address: jiefu industrial park shuiping industrail district dalang town dongguan GD,P.R.C
Zip: 528770
Tel: 0086-755-83474911
FAX: 0086-755-83474980
Mobile:13929211059
Contact me: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com samjiefu@gmail.com

Jiefu Chemical industry LTD . (Our imports and exports company )
WebSite: http://www.jiefu.com
blog:http://jiefuantimonytrioxide.blogspot.com
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[+/-] : GE Plastics likely to attract equity buyer

GE Plastics -- the General Electric unit where legendary GE chief Jack Welch and current GE boss Jeff Immelt each learned the ropes -- is for sale.

Officials with Pittsfield-based GE Plastics declined to comment, but a story in the January 8 edition of the Wall Street Journal said the firm is working with Goldman Sachs Group Inc. to find a buyer. The story estimated the unit’s value at $10 billion (78 billion yuan).

GE Plastics ranks as one of the world’s largest makers of polycarbonate, ABS and other engineering resins. The unit posted sales of about $5 billion (39 billion yuan) and profit of $560 million (4.37 billion yuan) in the first nine months of 2006. The sales mark represented a gain of 1 percent over the same period a year ago, but the profit total was 13 percent behind 2005’s pace.

Higher prices for feedstocks such as benzene -- a key precursor used in PC and ABS production -- have hampered GE Plastics’ profitability.

A potential sale has been talked about in the plastics industry for at least a year, but had been denied by company officials. Now the Wall Street Journal story -- including specifics on Goldman Sachs’ role and the bidding process -- leaves no doubt that GE is actively shopping the unit.

A number of market watchers said the estimated $10 billion (78 billion yuan) sticker price makes it more likely that a private equity firm will pick up GE Plastics, instead of a competitor. Private equity firms big enough to swing such a deal include Bain Capital LLC of Boston, and Blackstone Group, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. and Apollo Management LP, all of New York.

Possible buyers from within the industry -- according to a list compiled by P&M Corporate Finance LLC, a consulting firm in Southfield, Michigan -- are BASF AG, Dow Chemical Co., DuPont Co., Rohm & Haas Co., Saudi Basic Industries Corp. (Sabic) and PetroChina. Other media sources have identified Indian conglomerate Reliance Industries Ltd. as a possible bidder.

PetroChina´s presence on the P&M list is thought-provoking, since that firm is partnering with GE Plastics to build a PC resin plant in northern China. PetroChina is expected to provide feedstocks for the plant. China´s polycarbonate market is growing about 10 percent a year. PetroChina is a state-owned resin maker that -- along with state-owned Sinopec -- dominates Chinese production of polyethylene and polypropylene.

GE Plastics already does more than $1 billion (7.81 billion yuan) a year in sales in China, making it the biggest single GE division operating in that country. In China, GE Plastics operates a compounding plant in Nansha and a similar plant as well as a large technology center in Shanghai. The firm added PC film production in Nansha last year to make film for the liquid-crystal-display television market.

GE Plastics also plans to add compounding capacity next year at a plant in Nantong where GE already produces silicones products. In Shanghai, technology is being added to improve films used in monitors, TVs and global positioning systems in cars. Elsewhere in Asia, GE Plastics operates compounding plants in Moka, Japan; and Rayong, Thailand, as well as a technology center in Moka.

“It’s going to take a private equity firm to raise that kind of cash,” said Michael McCormack, president of Rockwood Group Inc., a mergers and acquisition consulting firm in Avon Lake, Ohio. “Getting big is not strategic anymore for companies already in plastics.”

McCormack added that GE Plastics has been affected by competition from lower-priced materials and by ongoing declines in the U.S. automotive market.

Polycarbonate’s move to commodity status also has hurt GE Plastics, according to Greg Smith, a market analyst with Resin Technologies Inc., a consulting firm in Fort Worth, Texas.

“ABS became a commodity awhile back, and now the same thing’s happening to polycarbonate,” said Smith, who worked at GE Plastics for four years in the late 1990s. “I don’t think that GE Plastics fits GE’s strategy of being differentiated anymore.

“Some of GE’s other units -- like energy and medical -- have been more profitable in recent years,” he added.

Market insiders also said GE Plastics misfired strategically when it chose to build a major PC resin complex in Cartagena, Spain. The project first opened in 2000, but has suffered a number of delays because of lower-than-expected PC demand. The company would have been better off if it had placed the plant in the higher-growth Asian market, sources said.

Still keeping busy

Superstar executive Welch began his GE career in Pittsfield in 1960 and spent 11 years with the plastics business. He took over the top spot at the parent company in 1981. Immelt’s stay in plastics also covered 11 years, spread out over two separate stints of a GE career that began in 1982. He took the helm at General Electric when Welch retired in 2001.

GE Plastics has remained active, even though its future has been unclear. The firm introduced a new product family of Extem-brand polyimides late last year. The high-performance materials are aimed at markets for defense, aerospace, automotive and other products.

The firm also worked with General Motors Corp. on the Chevrolet Volt, a concept car introduced January 7 at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit. Using GE Plastics materials allowed GM to reduce part weight by as much as 50 percent.

In 2007, GE Plastics will continue to work toward launching its iQ-brand line of environmentally friendly resins, as well as investing in application development centers in the U.S., Japan and South Korea, said spokesman Chris Tessier.

Meanwhile, GE Plastics recently trimmed employment at its headquarters in Pittsfield, cutting 20 jobs in December to create “a more efficient and streamlined organization that will increase our global competitiveness,” Tessier said. An unspecified number of jobs are being cut at GE Plastics plants worldwide.

In addition to being a major producer of specialty plastics, GE Plastics operates downstream plants producing plastic sheet and film. The facilities operate as GE Plastics Structured Products, which has estimated annual sales of $300 million (2.34 billion yuan). GE Plastics also includes GE Polymershapes, North America’s largest distributor of plastic shape products such as rod, sheet and tubing.

The unit also is one of the 10 largest compounders in North America, according to industry estimates.

Overall, GE Plastics has production sites in the U.S., Spain, the Netherlands, Brazil, Mexico, Japan, China and Thailand.

In the first nine month of 2006, plastics contributed about 7 percent of the sales total for Fairfield, Connecticut-based GE, but brought in only 4 percent of the firm’s profit. In full-year 2005, GE Plastics had sales of $6.6 billion (54 billion yuan) and profit of $867 million (7.1 billion yuan). GE Plastics employs 11,000.




Sam Xu
Sales Engineer

DONGGUAN JIEFU FLAME-RETARDED MATERIALS CO.,LTD
Address: jiefu industrial park shuiping industrail district dalang town dongguan GD,P.R.C
Zip: 528770
Tel: 0086-755-83474911
FAX: 0086-755-83474980
Mobile:13929211059
Contact me: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com samjiefu@gmail.com

Jiefu Chemical industry LTD . (Our imports and exports company )
WebSite: http://www.jiefu.com
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[+/-] : Color, additives maker Americhem expanding

Americhem Inc. is adding 1,400 square meters of space for manufacturing, labs, shipping and office work at its plant in Dalton, Georgia.

The project, including new warehousing and shipping facilities, will be completed in spring of this year, officials with Cuyahoga Falls-based Americhem said in a January 23 news release. The new lab will be a color design center that will allow customers to view more than 1,000 color fiber samples under multiple lighting conditions. Customers then will be able to design fiber color products at the site, using the plant’s existing fiber extrusion lab equipment.

No cost estimate for the project was available, spokesman Scott Blanchard said. Americhem, a maker of color and additive concentrates, acquired the 8,400-square-meter Dalton plant when it bought Color and Additive Technologies Inc. in late 2005. The expansion will not create any new jobs at the Dalton plant, which currently employs 45.

A new additive and color concentrate line already has been installed in Dalton to handle growth in the nonwoven fibers market. Blanchard said the new line will “substantially increase capacity” for polyolefin-based products in Dalton, but he declined to provide details. The southeastern U.S. is home to a great deal of carpet production.

In the release, Americhem business director Russ Neuman said that officials “anticipate several product introductions for nonwovens in the near future.”

Americhem also is working on a $2.3 million (17.9 million yuan) expansion that will add 185 square meters of space for research and development work at its Cuyahoga Falls headquarters. In late 2005, Americhem opened its first Asian operation — a 3,250-square-meter, 30-employee plant in Suzhou, China. Globally, the firm employs about 650 at eight production sites.

Americhem posted sales of more than $200 million (1.56 million yuan) in 2006. The firm ranks among North America’s largest producers of color compounds and concentrates, according to a Plastics News estimate.




Sam Xu
Sales Engineer

DONGGUAN JIEFU FLAME-RETARDED MATERIALS CO.,LTD
Address: jiefu industrial park shuiping industrail district dalang town dongguan GD,P.R.C
Zip: 528770
Tel: 0086-755-83474911
FAX: 0086-755-83474980
Mobile:13929211059
Contact me: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com samjiefu@gmail.com

Jiefu Chemical industry LTD . (Our imports and exports company )
WebSite: http://www.jiefu.com
blog:http://jiefuantimonytrioxide.blogspot.com
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[+/-] : PolyOne plans expansions in China

Compounder PolyOne Corp. will expand its China operations within the year.

At an event marking the Avon Lake, Ohio-based company’s 10th year of operations in China, Willie Chien, general manager Asia Pacific, said the company is adding a research and service center in northeastern China.

Chien also gave an update on PolyOne’s previously announced plan to buy a PVC compounding plant from Hong Kong-based Ngai Hing Hong Co. Ltd. He said the acquisition will be completed by the end of March.

With a capacity of about 15,000 to 20,000 metric tons per year, the Ngai Hing Hong facility in Dongguan will complement PolyOne’s Shenzhen facility. PolyOne will expand the Dongguan plant’s capacity after the acquisition.

While a site has not been chosen for the research and service center, Chien said likely locations included Tianjin or Changchun, Jilin. Customers based in China’s northeast account for about 20 percent of PolyOne’s sales in China, he added.

PolyOne has three sites in China, in Shenzhen, Suzhou and Shanghai. The China operations accounted for about half of PolyOne’s Asia sales in 2006, which totaled US$130 million (1.04 billion yuan).

PolyOne is the largest plastics compounder in North America, and it also leads the region in PVC compound production. The firm posted sales of about US$2.5 billion (20.5 billion yuan) in 2005.




Sam Xu
Sales Engineer

DONGGUAN JIEFU FLAME-RETARDED MATERIALS CO.,LTD
Address: jiefu industrial park shuiping industrail district dalang town dongguan GD,P.R.C
Zip: 528770
Tel: 0086-755-83474911
FAX: 0086-755-83474980
Mobile:13929211059
Contact me: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com samjiefu@gmail.com

Jiefu Chemical industry LTD . (Our imports and exports company )
WebSite: http://www.jiefu.com
blog:http://jiefuantimonytrioxide.blogspot.com
...
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[+/-] : Russian-Chinese compounding venture starts production

SHANGHAI (April 17, 2007) -- Russia’s KuibyshevAzot Joint Stock Co. plans to grab market share in China’s market for nylon 6 compounds through its new Shanghai joint venture KuibyshevAzot Engineering (Shanghai) Co. Ltd.

“We can be very competitive in the China market because of the lower price of feedstock in Russia,” said General Manager Roman A. Meytis.

KuibyshevAzot, based in Russia’s Samara region, inaugurated the 4,200 square meter plant at the end of March. The facility is a joint venture with He Ye Trading Co. Ltd. of Shanghai. The two companies have been business partners for 20 years. KuibyshevAzot is the controlling shareholder of the facility, which is located in the Qingpu Industrial Park near Shanghai.

KuibyshevAzot Shanghai plans to acquire 7,000 metric tons per year of the nylon 6 resin from its parent in Russia to produce other engineering compounds. The company’s main product is a glass-fiber-reinforced nylon with a flame retardant additive. But the joint venture can also produce polyethylene, polypropylene and other compounds.

With two extrusion lines currently working, the facility can produce 9,900 metric tons per year, and plans to expand to a total of four extrusion lines over the next 24 months. Germany’s Berstorff GmbH provided the extrusion machinery.

KuibyshevAzot hopes to develop long-term relationships with customers. “We can control quality, quantity and price,” Meytis said.

He added that the company’s compounding joint venture in Moscow, with Moscow-based Polyplastic Group, has given KuibyshevAzot experience in serving automotive and electric appliance customers, which are two of China’s fastest growing users of engineering plastics.

KuibyshevAzot employs more than 5,000 and produces ammonia, nitrogenous fertilizer, caprolactam and nylon at its 3,000,000-square-meter facility in the Samsara region of Russia, near Moscow.




Sam Xu
Sales Engineer

DONGGUAN JIEFU FLAME-RETARDED MATERIALS CO.,LTD
Address: jiefu industrial park shuiping industrail district dalang town dongguan GD,P.R.C
Zip: 528770
Tel: 0086-755-83474911
FAX: 0086-755-83474980
Mobile:13929211059
Contact me: xubiao_1996@hotmail.com samjiefu@gmail.com

Jiefu Chemical industry LTD . (Our imports and exports company )
WebSite: http://www.jiefu.com
blog:http://jiefuantimonytrioxide.blogspot.com
...
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